Healthy hooves, skin, and hair rely on a robust process called keratinization. This is where living skin cells transform into dead, protective cells, cemented together to form a barrier against the environment. Optimal keratinization, crucial for strong hooves, depends on a delicate balance of bioactive molecules, hormones, and key nutrients. A deficiency in these nutrients can compromise hoof quality, making them more vulnerable to damage.
Here’s a breakdown of the essential nutrients involved in keratin formation:
Biotin: Biotin is vital for the formation and maintenance of healthy keratinized tissues. It acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in various metabolic processes, including the synthesis of lipids and glucose, particularly long-chain fatty acids. These fatty acids are essential building blocks for the intercellular cement that binds keratin cells together.
Calcium (Ca): Calcium is critical for activating epidermal transglutaminase (TG), an enzyme that cross-links keratin fibers and regulates the final stages of skin cell development. Low calcium levels can hinder TG activity, leading to weakened hooves.
Zinc (Zn): Zinc plays a multifaceted role in keratinization, acting as a catalyst, structural component, and regulator. It supports enzymes vital for protein synthesis and regulates various cellular processes, including those involving calmodulin, protein kinase C, and thyroid hormone. Zinc also helps protect against cellular damage by activating an antioxidant enzyme. Studies suggest that certain forms of zinc can improve hoof strength.
Copper (Cu): Copper is essential for activating several key enzymes, including those responsible for forming disulfide bonds within keratin. These bonds are crucial for the structural integrity of keratinized tissue, providing strength and resilience.
Manganese (Mn): While not directly involved in keratin formation, manganese supports healthy leg development, which indirectly impacts hoof health. It’s also necessary for enzymes involved in cartilage and bone formation, as well as energy production. Manganese also contributes to antioxidant defense.
